Here’s a short video where I discuss the makura kotoba 枕詞 (‘pillow word’), an enduring technique used by waka poets from as early as the seventh or eighth centuries right the way through until the nineteenth.
Category Archives: Background
Jōnangū kyokusui no utage
Kamigamo Shrine Kyokusui no utage 2023
Shōgimon’in
Wang Zhaojun
Wang Zhaojun 王昭君 was renowned as one of the four great beauties of ancient China. She was born about 50 BC as the youngest daughter of a much older father, who doted upon her, regarding her as a precious pearl. As she grew into a young woman, she became both a great beauty, and a highly accomplished one, able to play music, paint, write calligraphy and play the game of go, too. In 36 BC, when she was about 14, she was ordered to enter the harem of Emperor Yuan of Han, and left home regretfully. It is said that she played her lute to console herself as she rode her horse to the capital, and a flock of geese passing by were so struck by the beauty of her music and her appearance that they forgot to beat their wings and fell from the sky.
It was custom that once a young woman entered the imperial harem that the imperial portrait painter would make a painting of her to present to the emperor. Most new concubines would bribe him to portray them in a flattering light, but Zhaojun refused, so the painter made her look ugly in the painting and, as a result, the emperor never visited her while she was in his harem. Three years later, Huhanye, the leader of the Xiongnu, a nomadic people who lived on the steppes to the north of China, visited the capital and proposed a marriage between himself and one of the emperor’s daughters to cement relations. Unwilling to send one of his children off to the barbarian north, Yuan decided to offer instead the lowest ranking and ugliest of his concubines – Wang Zhaojun. Huhanye accepted the offer, and was overjoyed when Zhaojun turned out to be one of the most beautiful women he had ever seen. The emperor was furious, but couldn’t go back on his word, so the marriage took place, and relations with the Xiongnu improved greatly. The unfortunate painter, though, was executed for dishonesty!
Kasuga taisha man’yōshokubutsuen
Ehime Man’yōen
Shibakusa
Man’yō Name | Sibakusa (しばくさ) |
Modern Name | Chikarashiba 力芝(チカラシバ) Ohishiba 雄日芝(オヒシバ) |
English Names |
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Scientific Name | F. Poaceae; Eleusine indica F. Poaceae; Pennisetum alopecuroides |
Distribution | Various parts of Japan |
Appearance | |
Seasonal Association |
Poems (2)
MYS VI: 1048 | MYS XI: 2777 |