‘Fruit of the tree’. Used to modify titi ‘father’. From the fact that the homophonous titi were alternative names for the mulberry and (Japanese) horse chestnut trees.

Meaning unknown. Used to modify papa ‘mother’, oya ‘parent’. Possibly meaning ‘overflowing with affection’ although an alternative explanation, based on the characters often used to write it is ‘breasts overflowing with milk’.

‘Good jewelled seaweed’. Used to modify the province sanuki ‘Sanuki’.

‘Jewelled spear’. Used to modify miti ‘road/path’, sato ‘home/village’. Possibly from the custom of placing phallic rocks on roads and at the entrances of villages to ward off misfortune.

Meaning unknown. Used to modify the place name muko ‘Muko’ for reasons which are also unknown.

‘Jewelled cord’. Used to modify the place name unebi ‘unebi’, kakaru ‘attach’.

‘Soul ending’. Used to modify inoti ‘life’, yo ‘world’, etc.

‘Jewelled vines’. Used to modify hapu ‘stretch/spread over’, nagasi ‘long’, tayu ‘come to an end’, etc. as vines stretch out over long distances.

‘Jewelled clothes’. Used to modify sawisawi ‘rustling’

‘A rope of hemp’. Used to modify naga ‘long’, tipiro ‘extremely long’.