‘Buried in winter’. Used to modify paru ‘spring’, paru ‘stick/attach’, etc.

‘Like long haired codium (a type of seaweed)’. Used to modify pukamu ‘be deep’, miru ‘see’, etc.

‘Source of the sun’. Used to modify the place name yamato ‘Yamato’.

Meaning unknown. Used to modify ame/ama ‘heaven’, sora ‘sky’ and things connected with them such as: tuki ‘moon’, pi ‘sun’, piru ‘daytime’, ame ‘rain’, yuki ‘snow’, kasumi ‘haze’, posi ‘star’, pikari ‘light’ and yo ‘night. Also for katura ‘Katsura (tree)’, miyako ‘capital’, kagami ‘mirror’. One theory is that it derives from pi sasu kata ‘the direction from which the sun shines’, while the characters used to write it suggest the eternal and/or far-reaching nature of the heavens.

‘Spring birds’. Used to modify ne wo naku ‘make a (bird) call’, samayopu ‘moan/groan’.

‘Spring mist/haze’. Used to modify kasuga ‘Kasuga’, tatu ‘rise’, etc.

‘Oak leaf’. Used to modify papa ‘mother’.

‘Lily-seed’. Used to modify kuro ‘black’, yo ‘night’, yupu ‘evening’, tuki ‘moon’, kuraki ‘dark’, koyopi ‘this evening/tonight’, ime ‘dream’, ne ‘sleep’, etc. Also found as mubatama nö.

‘Pliable bamboo’. Used to modify towo ‘saddle/col (of a mountain pass)’, okipusi ‘waking and sleeping’, yo ‘night’, yo ‘world’, pusi ‘knot/joint’, etc.

Meaning unknown. Used to modify the place name kapi ‘Kai’.