‘Korean sword’. Used to modify the place name wazami ‘Wazami’, as swords had a wa ‘finger-guard’ and the first person pronoun na ‘I’ as na was also an ancient word for ‘sword’.

‘Twittered words’. Used to modify foreign place names such as kara ‘China’, kudara ‘Korea’, etc. as foreign speech sounded like birds twittering.

‘Unpicking clothes’. Used to modify töki ‘time’ from the custom of unpicking (toku) worn-out clothing.

‘Grass pillow’. Used to modify tabi ‘journey’, musubu ‘tie’, yupu ‘bind’, kari ‘temporary’, tuyu ‘dew’, etc. From the custom of twisting grass to make a pillow to ward off misfortune when on a journey.

‘Divine wind’. Used to modify place names such as ise ‘Ise’, isuzu kapa ‘Isuzu River’, yasaka ‘Yasaka’, etc. Also found as kamukaze nö

‘A fawn’. Used to modify pitori ko ‘Single/Only child’ as deer bear a only a single fawn once a year.

‘Great boat’. Used to modify tanomu ‘ask’, tu ‘landing/harbour’, tayutapu ‘rocking (of boats)’, yuta ‘priest’, watari ‘crossing’, etc.

‘Bright shining’. Used to modify nanipa ‘Naniwa’. Also found as ositeru ya.

‘Birds offshore’. Used to modify kamo ‘(wild) duck’, adi ‘Baikal teal’, etc.

‘Drawn hemp thread’. Used to modify naga ‘long’, the place name nagara ‘Nagara’, etc.