Daigo ōntoki kiku awase

Shinpen kokka taikan no.18
Heian-chō uta’awase taisei no.32
Title醍醐御時菊合
Romanised TitleDaigo ōntoki kiku awase
Translated TitleChrysanthemum Match held during the Reign of the Daigo Emperor
Alternative Title(s)内裏菊合
Dairi kiku awase
Palace Chrysanthemum Match
DateEarly Winter, Engi 21-22 [921-922]
Extant Poems25
SponsorEmperor Daigo
Identifiable Participants
JudgementsN
Topics菊 Chrysanthemums

Emperor Daigo 醍醐 (884-930; r. 897-930) is Japan’s sixtieth emperor, according to the traditional line of succession, and this match took place in the latter part of his reign, most likely in early winter in either Engi 21 [921] or 22 [922]. It is another example of a chrysanthemum contest held at the palace, much like the earlier ‘Chrysanthemum Match held during the Reign of the Kanpyō Emperor’ (Kanpyō no ōntoki kiku awase 寛平御時菊合; Autumn, Ninna 4-Kanpyō 3 [888-891]), organized by Daigo’s father, Uda 宇多 (866-931; r. 887-897). The main purpose of this event would have been to admire chrysanthemums grown for the occasion, with the poems as an additional entertainment or enjoyment, hence the lack of judgements, or organisation of the poems into rounds between teams of the Left or Right. The topic of the poems, unsurprisingly, is ‘Chrysanthemums’, although many of the poet also work in references to the location of the match—the palace—and by association praise for its imperial sponsor.

Go to the match.

Sumiyoshi-sha uta’awase kaō ni-nen 35

Round Ten

Left (Tie)

くさまくらしぐれもそでをぬらしけりみやこをこふるなみだならねど

kusamakura
shigure mo sode o
nurashikeri
miyako o kouru
namida naranedo
On a pillow of grass
The showers, too, my sleeves
Have soaked;
Longing for the capital
These tears are not, yet…

Hiromori
69

Right

かりいほさすならのからはのむらしぐれあはれはまきのおとばかりかは

kari’io sasu
nara no karawa no
murashigure
aware wa maki no
oto bakari ka wa
Erecting a crude hut,
The withered leaves of oak are
Struck by cloudbursts;
Does sadness in the evergreens’
Sound solely lie?

Dharma Master Chikyō
70

Both Left and Right appear to have elegant configuration and diction, but the Left seems to presents the soaking of sleeves by showers as something novel, while the Right gives a feeling that it is only the sound of evergreens that makes one sad. Thus, these tie.

Sumiyoshi-sha uta’awase kaō ni-nen 34

Round Nine

Left (Win)

うらさむくしぐるるよはのたびごろもきしのはにふにいたくにほひぬ

ura samuku
shigururu yowa no
tabigoromo
kishi no hanyū ni
itaku nioinu
The bay is cold with
Midnight showers, as
My traveller’s robe
With the shore’s ochre clay
Is deeply stained.

Taifu
67

Right

おもへただみやこのうちのねざめだにしぐるるそらはあはれならずや

omoe tada
miyako no uchi no
nezame dani
shigururu sora wa
aware narazu ya
Simply think of me, when
Within the capital
You start from sleep—
A showery sky is
Sad, isn’t it?

Sadanaga
68

While configuration of the Left’s poem, saying ‘With the shore’s ochre clay / Is deeply stained’ feels crude, it does appear to be in the style of the Myriad Leaves. As for the Right’s poem, its conception is good, but starting, ‘Simply think of me’ begs the question of who this is said to. Such diction is used in poetry exchanges or love poems, in particular. The Left’s poem is most likely superior.

Sumiyoshi-sha uta’awase kaō ni-nen 33

Round Eight

Left

しぐれもるかりいほにぬれてほすころもながゐのあまはとりやたがへむ

shigure moru
kari’io ni nurete
hosu koromo
nagai no ama wa
tori ya tagaemu
Drenched by showers,
In my crude hut my soaked
Robe I dry—
Might a fisherman from Nagai
Take it by mistake?

Koretsuna
65

Right (Win)

ひとりねのあはれひまなきたびごろもしぐれはれてもそではぬれけり

hitorine no
aware himanaki
tabigoromo
shigure haretemo
sode wa nurekeri
Sleeping solo with
No break from my sorrow,
My traveller’s robe,
Even should the showers clear,
Would have soaking sleeves…

Suesada
66

The configuration of the Left is extremely charming, but I do wonder about starting with a sorrowful journey in the showers and then taking a robe by mistake! The conception of the Right, starting with endless sorrow and then saying, ‘even should the showers clear’, seems pleasant. It seems that the Right wins.

Sumiyoshi-sha uta’awase kaō ni-nen 32

Round Seven

Left (Tie)

きしちかみたびねのとこをうつなみのかへるひまにぞしぐれとはしる

kishi chikami
tabine no toko o
utsu nami no
kaeru hima ni zo
shigure to wa shiru
Close by the coast
My journey’s bed is
Struck by waves;
In the space as they withdraw,
I know that showers are falling.

Dharma Master Yūsei
63

Right

しばのとをたたくあらしのおとにまたしぐれうちそふたびのよはかな

shiba no to o
tataku arashi no
oto ni mata
shigure uchisou
tabi no yowa kana
Upon my brushwood door
The storm wind came a’knocking;
The sound then
Laced with showers,
At midnight on my travels!

Norimori
64

In the Left’s poem, it sounds as if the shower is continuing to fall quietly, yet it then appears to have the conception that one knows the showers are falling in the gaps between the waves breaking. In the Right’s poem, ‘The storm wind came a’knocking; / The sound then’ sounds charming, but I do wonder about how it looks to have lines beginning beginning with both ‘brushwood door’ [shiba no to] and ‘showers’ [shigure]. Thus, again, these tie.

Sumiyoshi-sha uta’awase kaō ni-nen 31

Round Six

Left (Tie)

たびねするこやのしのやのひまをなみもらぬしぐれにぬるるそでかな

tabinesuru
koya no shinoya no
hima o nami
moranu shigure ni
nururu sode kana
Dozing on my journey
In Koya, beneath dwarf-bamboo thatch,
No gaps has it, so
No drips fall from the showers, yet
Still my sleeves are soaked!

Kunisuke
61

Right

しぐれつつものぞかなしきわすれぐさまくらにむすぶきしのたびねは

shiguretsutsu
mono zo kanashiki
wasuregusa
makura ni musubu
kishi no tabine wa
In the ever-falling showers,
I am sad, indeed, so
Of forgetful day-lily
My pillow will I weave,
Napping on my travels by the coast…

Horikawa
62

The Left’s poem is not bad in configuration and diction, but I would have preferred it had it said ‘no drips fall from the showers, too, yet’. As for the Right, saying that one is napping on one’s travels on the coast at Sumiyoshi, having woven a pillow from forgetful day-lilies does, indeed, sound evocative, but it would have been more so had there been a reason for the reference to day-lilies earlier in the poem. These tie, don’t they.

Sumiyoshi-sha uta’awase kaō ni-nen 30

Round Five

Left (Win)

はれくもりしぐれするよはまつがねのまくらをえこそさだめざりけれ

harekumori
shiguresuru yo wa
matsu ga ne no
makura o e koso
sadamezarikere
Clear then clouded
With showers is the night,
When pine roots do
My pillow make
I cannot decide at all…[1]

Asamune
59

Right

かみなづきしぐるるよはのたびやかたもるとはなしにぬるるそでかな

kaminazuki
shigururu yowa no
tabiyakata
moru to wa nashi ni
nururu sode kana
In the Godless Month
Showers at midnight
At traveller’s lodge
Should drench me not, yet
Soaked are my sleeves! [2]

Kanetsuna
60

The style of both Left and Right sounds elegant. However, with regard to the Right’s poems, while I am well accustomed to hearing that one would not be drenched at a lodge, the combination of the diction of ‘showers’ and ‘soaked’ would have been better avoided. The conclusion of the Left, with ‘pine roots’ and sequencing sounds pleasant. Thus, the Left wins.


[1] Alluding to: Topic unknown. よひよひに枕さだめむ方もなしいかにねし夜か夢に見えけむ yoi yoi ni / makura sadamemu / kata mo nashi / ika ni neshi yo ka / yume ni miekemu ‘Night after night / To decide upon my pillow / I cannot do, at all / How can I sleep the night away / And see you in my dreams?’ Anonymous (KKS XI:  516)

[2] Alluding to: Composed in place of an islander from  Ulleungdo. 故郷有母秋風涙 旅館無人暮雨魂 kokyō ni haha ari aki no kaze no namida / ryokan ni hito nashi bō no Tamashii ‘My mother lies in my ancient home; my tears overflow with the autumn wind, as / Alone in my traveller’s lodgings, the rain at dusk draws out my soul.’ Tamenori (Shinsen rōeishū 606)

Sumiyoshi-sha uta’awase kaō ni-nen 29

Round Four

Left (Tie)

たびねするあれたるやどのしぐれにはなみだもともにもるにぞありける

tabinesuru
aretaru yado no
shigure ni wa
namida mo tomo ni
moru ni zo arikeru
Sleeping on my travels
In a ruined hut,
The showers
And my tears, both,
Do leave me drenched!

Minamoto no Munenaga
(formerly Michikiyo)
57

Right

ちぎらねどさよのねざめにおとづれてしぐれぞたびのともとなりける

chigiranedo
sayo no nezame ni
otozurete
shigure zo tabi no
tomo to narikeru
It made no vow, yet
On awaking from a brief night’s sleep,
I am visited by the sound
Of showers—my journey’s
Companion, have they become.

Fujiwara no Noritsune
58

The Left conception and configuration appear pleasant, but after saying that one is ‘sleeping on my travels’ to then have ‘a ruined hut’—this does not really sound like somewhere a person would take lodging on their journey. As for the Right, it seems like the only reason the poet has begun with ‘it made no vow, yet’ is because he wished to use ‘companion’, but these pieces of diction are too far apart. Still, it does seem to have some conception, so I make these a tie.

Yasuakira shinnō tachihaki no jin uta’awase 09

しらつゆはまだふたたびもおかなくにつきのかつらのいろかはるらむ

shiratsuyu wa
mada futatabi mo
okanaku ni
tsuki no katsura no
iro kawaruramu
If only silver dewdrops
Again, once more
Would not fall, for
The moon’s silver trees’
Hue they seem to change…

Fujiwara no Tsurayasu
17

Yasuakira shinnō tachihaki no jin uta’awase 08

Silver grass

Left (Tie)

はなすすきほにいづるをのはしらくものあさゐるとのみあやまたれけり

hanasusuki
ho ni izuru ono wa
shirakumo no
asa iru to nomi
ayamatarekeri
Silver grass
Fronds appear upon the plains
For clouds of white
Spreading through the morning, simply
Have I mistaken them.

Ariwara no Suetaka
15

Right

はなすすきほのくれがたのつゆけきはうきよのなかをそよとしればか

hanasusuki
ho no kuregata no
tsuyukeki wa
ukiyo no naka o
soyo to shireba ka
The silver grass
Fronds at twilight
Are dew-drenched—
That this cruel world
Is so, I wonder if they know?

Fujiwara no Aritoki
16